Slavery Racism And Racism Essay - 1134 Words

Slavery: A root to Racism. Slavery and Racism Slavery as described by Oxford dictionaries â€Å"a person who is the legal property of another is forced to obey them† was introduced to America dating back to 17th and 18th centuries. African slaves were first brought to America as a means of cheap labor to work on tobacco plantations and later on the cotton gin. With the constant demand for labor and declining population, the colonists were led to believe that African slaves were the cheapest and efficient way to get their work done. Long working hours, poor living condition and deprived of all rights, regardless of age and gender, African-Americans were subject to manual labor. Then generalized as â€Å"Negros,† people from Africa were sold like ‘goods’ in a flea market. Targeting a specific ethnicity and race, it begs a question: Is slavery the cause of Racism? Pulitzer Prize winner Steve Sack captures the concept of racism in his political cartoon â€Å"The TALK†. While Sack’s cartoon does not target any particular event, the idea of the cartoonist is to reflect the racial discrimination in America. The first thing an audience notices on this cartoon is that title is â€Å"THE TALK† which is capitalized. Next the audience can see two identical rooms where fathers are trying to have â€Å"the talk† with their child. To the room on the left, a ‘white’ father is trying to explain to his son about the birds and the bees, while on the second room; a ‘black’ father is trying to explain the blind justiceShow MoreRelatedSlavery and Racism1509 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization Dr. Carlson November 17, 2011 Slavery and Racism: Are They One in the Same? Aphra Behn was an extremely significant and influential English writer in the 1600s. One of her more famous works, Oroonoko, discusses the issues of slavery and racism in the Americas. Many people believe that slavery and racism go hand in hand. In fact, these two ideologies are awfully different. Slavery is the act of forcing humans to be treated property whereas racism is the belief that discrimination basedRead MoreRacism And Slavery : Black Or The Egg, Slavery Or Racism?993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe chicken or the egg, slavery or racism? The question of whether racism is the root of slavery, or if slavery caused racism is an ongoing debate that throughout history historians has been batting to answer, and have yet to come to an agreement. Some people think that people were made slaves because of prejudice toward the color of their skin, therefore, racism caused slavery; others believe that people saw slaves as inferior to them, and therefore slavery caused racism. Jordanâ€℠¢s â€Å"The Mutual CausationRead MoreSlavery, Racism, And Slavery Essay1779 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery began before racism in North America. To prove this I will provide an analysis of chronological events that displayed acts of slavery and racism. With that being said, Initially I will be delving into the earliest implementations of slavery in North America. That being Jamestown Virginia 1619. Secondly, analysing an extract from 1655, where an African man named Anthony Johnson claimed to own another black individual, John Casor as his property. Subsequently, moving onto Winthrop D JordanRead More Racism Or Slavery Essay953 Words   |  4 Pages Racism or Slavery, which came first? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Racism or slavery, neither, this essay will document the prejudice against Africans from Europeans that led into slavery and racism. Prejudice issues in a dislike for an individual or group of these individuals. This dislike can simulate from many differences that are shared, religion, culture, system of living (government and social practice), or in some cases looks. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Initially English contact withRead MoreRacism and Slavery in Oronooko1158 Words   |  5 Pageswritten in the perspective of a white colonial woman in the eighteenth century. I found the novella to have a lot of subtle racial undertones despite the fact that during that time it was seen as an anti-slavery novel.(1) There have been debates on whether this novella is pro-slavery or anti-slavery? While reading, I decided that it was neither, but more so a novella from a revolutionist point of view. One of the first things that sticks out is the way in which she described Oroonoko physically.Read MoreDid Slavery Cause Racism?3614 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Did slavery cause racism? Viewpoint: Yes. With the slave trade racism became rigidly defined in custom and law. Viewpoint: No. Slavery followed from racism and reinforced existing perceptions of blacks racial inferiority. Racism both preexisted and survived slavery. The color of Africans skin intrigued, frightened, and repelled Europeans. Exaggerating the physical and mental differences that allegedly separated blacks from whites, European writers conjectured that blacks had descended fromRead MoreRacism and Slavery Essay example1811 Words   |  8 Pages Did race prejudice cause slavery? Or was it the other way round? Winthrop D. Jordan, in his monumental study of white American attitudes to black people from 1550 to 1812, argues that prejudice and slavery may well have been equally cause and effect, dynamically joining hands to hustle the Negro down the road to complete degradation. But we must go deeper than that, if we are to understand the rise of English racism as an ideology, the various roles it has played inRead MoreSlavery and Racism Shown in Huckleberry Finn620 Words   |  3 Pagesvery prominent themes. These themes include racism and slavery, intellectual and moral education, and the hypocrisy of civilized society. The most dominant theme, racism and slavery, is recognized when the main character feels that he is doing the wrong thing in helping a runaway slave. It is also recognized in the passage where the main character talks to a boy who compares a black slave’s worth to two-hundred dollars. Twain used the theme racism and slavery in an attempt to convince southerners toRead MoreRacism And Slavery During The 19th Century2451 Words   |  10 PagesRacism is not just restricted to slavery and blacks, racism can be applied to anyone, and in 19th century England this was a huge problem. The 19th century was a trying time for those who were concerned with the abolition of slavery, those who were opposed to it were greatly concerned about losing their wealth or j ust concerned with the principle of a lower race being free. However those who were opposed to slavery were sick of seeing other humans being treated so poorly and saw it as inhuman.Read MoreEssay about Racism and Slavery Hand in Hand1304 Words   |  6 Pagesliberty to all. This goal, however, is darkened by a contradictory event: racism. Racism against African Americans (Negroes) in America was a by-product of permanent and inhumane enslavement of the black population. This type slavery was built upon the need for the American colonies to achieve economic prosperity and social stability. The slavery prior to these social and economic problems was equal to that of white slavery. Black and white slaves and indentured servants received the same treatments

Homosexuality in Ancient Rome

Although sexual practices are often left out of discussions of history, the fact remains that homosexuality in ancient Rome did exist. However, its not quite as cut and dried as a question of gay versus straight. Instead, its a much more complex cultural perspective, in which the approval—or disapproval—of sexual activity was based upon the social status of the people performing various acts. Did You Know? The ancient Romans didnt have a word for homosexual. Instead, they based their terminology upon the role that the participants played.Because Roman society was so patriarchal, those who took on a submissive role were seen as feminine, and thus looked down upon.Although there is little documentation of female same-sex relationships in Rome, scholars have discovered love spells and letters written from one woman to another. The Roman Patriarchal Society Bettmann Archive / Getty Images The society of ancient Rome was extremely patriarchal. For men, the determination of masculinity was directly tied to how one displayed the Roman concept of virtus. This was one of several ideals that all freeborn Romans tried to follow. Virtus was partly about virtue, but also about self-discipline and the ability to govern oneself and others. To take that a step further, the active role of imperialism and conquest found in ancient Rome was often discussed in terms of sexual metaphor. Because masculinity was predicated on ones ability to conquer, homosexual activity was viewed in terms of domination. A man taking on the perceived dominant, or penetrative, role would fall under far less public scrutiny than a man who was being penetrated, or submissive; to the Romans, the action of being conquered implied that a man was weak and willing to give up his liberty as a free citizen. It also brought into question his sexual integrity as a whole. Elizabeth Cytko writes, Bodily autonomy was one of the regulatory norms of sex which helped define one’s status within society... an elite Roman male demonstrated his status because he was not allowed to be beaten, or penetrated. Interestingly, the Romans didnt have specific words that meant homosexual or heterosexual. It wasnt gender that determined whether a sexual partner was acceptable, but their social status. The Roman censors were a committee of officials who determined where in the social hierarchy someones family belonged, and occasionally removed individuals from the upper ranks of society for sexual misconduct; again, this was based on status rather than gender. In general, same-sex relationships among partners of the appropriate social status were considered normal and acceptable. Freeborn Roman men were permitted, and even expected, to be interested in sex with partners of both genders. Even once married, a Roman man might continue to maintain relationships with partners other than his spouse. However, it was understood that he was only to have sex with prostitutes, slaves, or people who were considered infamia. This was a lower social status assigned by the censors to individuals whose legal and social standing had been formally reduced or removed. This group also included entertainers such as gladiators and actors. An infamis could not provide testimony in legal proceedings, and could be subjected to the same sorts of corporal punishments usually reserved for slaves. Ancient history expert N.S. Gill points out that Instead of todays gender orientation, ancient Roman... sexuality can be dichotomized as passive and active. The socially preferred behavior of a male was active; the passive part aligned with the female. While a free Roman man was permitted to have sex with slaves, prostitutes, and infames, it was only acceptable if he took the dominant, or penetrative role. He was not allowed to have sex with other freeborn Roman men, or the wives or children of other free men. In addition, he couldnt have sex with another mans slave; this is because slaves were property, and sex with someone elses slave required the owners explicit permission. Although not extensively documented, there were homosexual romantic relationships between Roman men. Most scholars agree that same sex relationships between men of the same class existed; however, because there were so many rigid social constructs applied to such relationship, they were kept private. While same-sex marriage was not legally permitted, there are writings that indicate some men did participate in public marriage ceremonies with other men; the emperor Nero did this at least twice, as did the emperor  Elagabalus. In addition, at one point during his ongoing dispute with Mark Antony, Cicero attempted to discredit his opponent by claiming Antony had been given a stola by another man; the stola was the traditional garment worn by married women. Homosexual Relationships in Roman Women UIG via Getty Images / Getty Images There is little information available about same-sex relationships between Roman women. Although they probably happened, the Romans didnt write about it, because to them, sex involved penetration. Its likely that the Romans didnt consider sexual acts between women to actually be sex, unlike the penetrative activities between two men. Interestingly, among Roman women there are a number of sources that indicate not sexual activity but romance. Bernadette Brooten writes in Love Between Women of love spells commissioned by women to attract other women. Scholars agree that these spells provide written evidence that women from the time period were interested in romantic attachments with other women, and that they were comfortable expressing their desires. Brooten says: [The spells] do not reveal the internal dynamics of these womens relationships. Nevertheless, the spells do ... raise intriguing, although ultimately unanswerable, questions about the nature of womens erotic desires. Gender-Bending Deities LordRunar / Getty Images As in other ancient cultures, Roman deities were reflection of the social and cultural mores of the realm of men, and vice versa. Like their neighbors in Greece, Roman mythology does include instances of same-sex relationships between the gods, or between gods and mortal men. The Roman Cupid was often seen as a patron deity of passionate love between two men, and for a long time was associated with male/male lust. The word  erotic  comes from the name of Cupids Greek counterpart, Eros. The goddess Venus was honored by some women as a goddess of female-to-female love. The Greek poet Sappho of Lesbos wrote about her in her guise as Aphrodite. The virgin goddess Diana preferred the company of women, according to legend; she and her companions hunted in the woods, danced with each other, and swore of men completely. In one legend, the god Jupiter presented himself as the princess Callisto, and seduced Diana while in disguise. When King Minos pursued a nymph named Britomaris, she escaped him by jumping into the ocean. Diana rescued Britomaris from the sea, and fell in love with her. Jupiter, much like the Greek Zeus, was the king of all the gods, and regularly had flings with mortals of both genders. He changed his appearance frequently, sometimes appearing male and other times female. In one myth, he fell in love with the beautiful youth Ganymede, and stole him away to Olympus to be his cup-bearer. Sources Brooten, Bernadette J.  Love between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism. University of Chicago Press, 1998.Cytko, Elizabeth.  Of Androgynes and Men: Gender Fluidity in Republican Rome ...University of Alberta, 2017, https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/71cf0e15-5a9b-4256-a37c-085e1c4b6777/view/7c4fe250-eae8-408d-a8e3-858a6070c194/Cytko_Elizabeth_VJ_201705_MA.pdf.Hubbard, Thomas K.  Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents. 1st ed., University of California Press, 2003.  JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pp7g1.Schrader, Kyle W.  Virtus in the Roman World: Generality, Specificity, and ...The Gettysburg Historical Journal, 2016, cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article1154contextghj.

effects of tv violence on children Essay - 719 Words

Effects of Television Violence on Children In our society today, it is extremely important to pay attention to what influences children. One of the biggest influences America’s youth may have is the television. It is possible for children to be pulled into the television’s realistic world of violence with sometimes devastating results. The impact of television violence on youth behavior has been an issue for many years. Violent programs on television lead to negative behavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs. â€Å"There can no longer be any doubt that heavy exposure to televised violence is one of the causes of aggressive behavior, crime and violence in society. The evidence comes from both the laboratory and real-life†¦show more content†¦Thus, children begin to become less bothered by violence in general and less likely to see anything wrong with it. However, television stations and their executives continue to deny TVs contribution to youth violence. â€Å"Violence on television is damaging to children. Forty years of research conclude that repeated exposure to high levels of media violence teaches some children and adolescents to settle interpersonal differences with violence, while teaching many more to be indifferent to this solution† (Levine 3). Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, more fearful of the world around them, and may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others (A.P.A., par. 2). Many people ask the question, â€Å"What are the long-term effects of violent television watching on children?† Research by Dr. James Cantor might help people better understand, the possible damaging effects television has on young children. Dr. Cantor’s research states, â€Å"Exposure to media violence, particularly that which entails bitter hostilities or the graphic display of injuries, initially induces an intense emotional reaction in viewers. Over time and with repeated exposure, however, many viewers exhibit decreasing emotionalShow MoreRelatedEssay on Effects of TV Violence on Children2966 Words   |  12 Pagesmany government agencies have begun to study the effects of violence on television as a prominent variable in childhood and adolescent aggressiveness. The prevalence of violence in television is rampant. It is as addictive as a drug to the children and adolescents, and is accomplishing two extreme reactions: a desensitization towards pain and suffering in the world, and instilling fear of the world as a dark, cold place. Although violence in all media has become a prominent issue, the focusRead MoreTelevision and Media Violence - Effects of TV Violence on Children2097 Words   |  9 PagesEffects of Television Violence on Children    Television is the mainstream of our culture. Violence on television has been a topic of conflict since before 1950. There have been repeated debates on how to protect children from the harmful effects of violence on television. Television is one form of modern media that influences the everyday lives of people. Televised violence has a major effect on how children perceive the world and how they behave. American television has become the mostRead MoreSocial Learning Theory and The Effect of TV Violence on Children2115 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effect of TV Violence on Children In the United States children watch an average of three to fours hours of television daily (Cantor Wilson, 1984, p. 28). Television can be a powerful influence in developing value systems and shaping behavior. Unfortunately, much of todays television programming is violent. Studies of the effects of TV violence on children and teenagers have found that children may become insensitive to violence. Consequently, they tend to gradually accept violence as aRead MoreInformative Speech Outline, Children and Violence Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesInformative Speech Outline #2 Topic: Children and TV Violence General Purpose/ Goal: To inform. Specific Goal: I want my audience to know more about TV violence and children’s exposure to it. Thesis Statement: My informative speech is going to inform you about the definition of violence, how the media rates violence, and children’s exposure to media violence. Organizational Pattern: Topical INTRODUCTION I. Mahatma Gandhi said, â€Å"An eye for an eye will only make the whole world blind.† Read MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThis guest teaches your children to resolve conflicts through violence. The guest baby sits your kids and teaches them principles you don’t agree with. Does watching violence in TV is harmful for your children? Is it Ok to let the 2 year olds watch TV unsupervised? No says the American replacing baby sitters? Hypothesis: Extensive viewing of television violence causes children to behave in aggressive or harmful ways to others. Children model behavior they see in the media, she wrote in 1993. IfRead More The Effects of Violence in the Media Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Violence In the Media nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Someone just got shoot on the streets due to the violence in the media.† That is what some people are saying that violence in the media is the cause of that. The controversy of the effects that violence has on people has been going on for a long time. This paper is going to prove both sides of the controversy and let one decide which side is right. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Violence is on the news and on everyday action showsRead MoreMedia Effects On The Media Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagestelevision (TV), however many experts feel we are constantly affected by the media whether we think we are or not. Theorists believe that too much media exposure can lead to knowledge, attitudes or behavioural changes within a society, this is called ‘media effects’ (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). These media effects consists of several Paradigms, a Paradigm is described as â€Å"a typical pattern or model† (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). The Paradigms this essay will consist of are called the ‘New Effects Paradigm’Read MoreEssay about Violence on Television1246 Words   |  5 PagesViolence on Television Today’s society is heavily influenced by television. The violence disrupts a child’s learning process and can alter the moral beliefs that an older person has. Children view more violence on Saturday mornings than any other time. The cartoons aimed at little children influence youngsters to mimic violent acts because their parents do not fully explain the effects of the stunts. It is pathetic that in such a technology based society, such a simple thing as television canRead More violence on tv Essay855 Words   |  4 Pages Violence on TV nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Violence is described in Webster’s dictionary as physical force exerted for the purpose of violating, damaging, or abusing. Violence on TV has been steadily increasing for the past few years. It’s not very often that you will find a TV show in prime time that doesn’t involve some type of violence. According to Hollywood sex and violence sells. The problem with this is that violent programs on television lead to aggressive behavior by children and teenagersRead MoreEssay on Negative Effects of Tv on Family Life1130 Words   |  5 PagesNegative Effects of TV The television has many effects on family life and the individual, causing family bonds to unravel and the individual to become naà ¯ve of their surroundings. The TV keeps one hooked for hours on end, causing family relationships to diminish and personal relationships to weaken. Not only does the TV seem to be a good alternative to conversations and interactions amongst one another, but it also helps to create a gap between the fictional world of TV and reality. Since the

Combination Of Sports And Computers. Technology Has Come

Combination of Sports and Computers Technology has come a long way from the beginning, preferably computers. Think back to computers in the early 2000 s; computers were terrible; it big, slow, and ugly. Computers back then weren t that big globally as it is now, computers now are faster, skinnier, portable, and sexier. Everybody in 2017 has a computer that how much computers have grown; computers is an essential tool to survive nowadays because it keeps you organized and on task on your life chores. Computers have improved and helped out many businesses and people but the biggest business computers helped out is sports. No matter the sport we look at in the world, you will see a computer in it either to collect data or to keep things†¦show more content†¦So this computer helps football players locate an head injury, this is a great way computers are used in football. So basically computers are used in football for a safety test and to prolong players careers because without this computerized test players would be playing with concussions and head trauma which will shorten their career. One of the biggest ways computers are used in football is fantasy football. Fantasy football is a competition in which participants select imaginary teams from among the players in a league and score points according to the actual performance of their players.Fantasy football is run online, and the Fantasy world earns about 70 billion dollars. Fantasy makes the game of football grow worldwide and makes the game even more accessible. People who don t even like football knows the game of fantasy, that s how big and crazy it is. Jack Eiselt wrote an article on computers and football a section of the article had fantasy football here is a glimpse of what he wrote, In 2012, an Artificial Intelligence program was developed that won its way into the 99th percentile of European fantasy football users. The same programming used by IBM s supercomputer to beat the standing Jeopar dy champion was used to evaluate the football statistics provided by ESPN, and it beat 99% of human users. So this computerized game is taking over the United States and world, making the game of footballShow MoreRelatedThe High Tech Industries Have A Revolutionary Approach Towards Technology Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Nowadays, the high-tech industries have a revolutionary approach towards technology. The new approach partially is related to the immense advancements in the information technology, high-speed internet, and cell phone technologies that enabled mega companies such as Apple to create innovative inventions like iPhone. The new and cutting-edge technology became more popular day by day and other creative ideas started blooming. Amazon, an on-line bookstore, all of a sudden became a hugelyRead MoreWe Should Promote Healthier Food Choices And Keeping Our Children Active1574 Words   |  7 Pagesat home, or a combination of all of the above factors. In rare cases, being overweight will be caused by a hormonal medical condition. A child s diet and physical activity level play an important role in determining what a child s weight should be estimated at. In our society today there are many children that spend a lot time being inactive. For example, the average child spends approximately fou r to six hours each day watching television, playing video games, playing on computers, phones, andRead MorePossible Solutions of Computer Lack Problem. Essay examples1058 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversities in Kyrgyzstan. Probably, it is such because it has got good teachers, American style and system of education and it is equipped with really good technologies. Still, as the university expands, more new students come than graduate, less frequently updated and increased in number computers start to become a problem. Right now there are more than one thousand students studying in AUCA, while in the computer laboratories there are over 100 computers available. Not talking about the time of exams, evenRead MoreMy Future in the Field of Computer Science909 Words   |  4 Pagesprofession is construction. I consider my grandfather as my idol as he has instilled a strong, positive attitude in all members of our family. He hails from a very humble background but he migrated to the city o f Mumbai, India at the age of fourteen so that he could provide a better life to his family. He has achieved a lot but throughout his life he has emphasized on the power of education. I was in ninth grade when he got me my first computer. I was elated, and since I was learning the basics in high schoolRead MoreAmerican Auto Industry : The American Automobile Industry1040 Words   |  5 PagesAuto Industry began in the late 1800 s and grew to be one of the largest of it s kind in the world. The industry also encompasses many global automobile and auto parts manufacturers across the country. Production rise and fall over the past decade has dropped the American Automobile Industry into the number two spot in the global market just behind China. The Big Three,comprised of General Motors, Ford Motor Company, and FCA US(formally known as Chrysler), were the primary owners of most of the manufacturingRead More Science, Technology and America’s Military Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesScience, Technology and America’s Military When it comes to the latest and fastest computers there is one place that all that technology can be found, the United States Military. There is no doubt that the U.S. Military is one of, if not the most technologically advanced armed forces in the world. â€Å"Over our countries development we have changed from a â€Å"grind it out† fighting machine, to a more advanced, rapid tactical corps to meet the different battle situations found in today’s worldRead MoreReview Of The Perfect Athlete By Whitney Houston914 Words   |  4 PagesWhitney Houston. Her abilities to become â€Å"the perfect athlete† has to come from both genetics and training in order to become the best there is according to Epstein’s view (Epstein 282). He demonstrates this through Eero Mantyranta’s story as a Finnish skier and multiple Olympic champion. He competed in four Winter Olympics winning seven medals at three of them becoming the most successful athlete that may strive from nurture, but has some genetical insights. He also had the rare talent of comingRead MoreComparative Analysis of Shopping Behavior Between Males and Females958 Words   |  4 Pagesand women should be viewed as different from each other, it can stil l be argued that generally, one can come up with a general picture of what males prefer, and that these preferences differ significantly with womens. Take as an example the differences between the two gender types when it comes to shopping style and behavior. Generally, men have different preferences than women when it comes to shopping. One of these differences is the kind of products or services that men would likely prefer andRead MoreMicrosoft Corporation : The World s Biggest Software Company1596 Words   |  7 Pagessoftware company, best known for Disk Operating System, Windows Operating System, and software such as Office. The name â€Å"Microsoft† comes from the combination of microcomputer and software. It was founded by childhood friends, Bill Gates and Paul Allen. It all started after they converted BASIC, a popular computer programming language, for use on an early personal computer, the Altair. This inspired them to start their own software company. Their first successful operating system was Microsoft Disk OperatingRead MoreThe Ibm Personal Computer And Its Effect1523 Words   |  7 Pages The IBM Personal Computer and Its Effect Harsh Moolani U. S. History 241 Patricia Minter November 7, 2014 In United States history, there have been few inventions that have completely astonished the whole nation; the personal computer was one of them. The introduction of the IBM Personal Computer in the United States created a novel, profound interest in technology in the 1980s. PC Magazine from February 1982 indicated that technology was slowly improving around that time, but the personal

Jared Loughner Free Essays

Jared Loughner. On January 8, 2011 U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Jared Loughner or any similar topic only for you Order Now Representative Gabrielle Giffords was shot along with eighteen other people at a public meeting in a grocery store parking lot near Tucson Arizona. Six of the eighteen people shot that day died. This included Arizona District Court Chief Judge John Roll and nine-year-old Christina-Taylor Green. Gifford was Holding a meeting called â€Å"Congress on Your Corner† in a Safeway store when she was shot through the head at point blank range. 22-year old Jared Loughner, a tucson man, was arrested at the scene. Federal prosecutors filed five charges against him, including the attempted assassination of a member of Congress and the assassination of a federal judge. Even though Loughner had a history of drug possession charges and had been suspended by his college for disruptive behavior, the motive for the shooting remains unclear. Invoking his right to remain silent , Loughner did not cooperate with authorities. Jared was found to be Incompetent to stand trial based on medical evaluations by a judge. As a young man in high school Loughner seemed ordinary enough. Occasionally he seemed withdrawn, as a normal teen would be, and a bit nerdy. Loughner loved music and played the saxophone well. Sometime around after Loughner dropped out of Mountain View High School, he didn’t seem the same. He began drinking and using drugs including pot and hallucinogens like acid. Neighbors said that Loughner was not hostile toward anyone but he certainly did not warm up to anyone either. He didn’t care what others thought of him. He had his own opinions and out looks on things and wasn’t afraid to share them. Loughner’s friends started noticed a change happening. Loughner started to do strange things. For example he spent months working out so that he could join the army. Then after traveling to the military processing station he told an Army official that he smoked marijuana excessively. Later Loughner passed a drug test, which meant he had not been smoking for at least a couple of weeks. After the Army incident Loughner’s behavior became more erratic. He started having run-ins with Police for drug possession and alcohol and vandalizing street signs. Loughner started to think that the Government was trying to control him and everyone else in the US. He lost his job at quiznos and an animal shelter because he refused to follow instructions. When classes at Pima Community College began, fellow students were frightened by Loughner’s behavior. â€Å"He had this hysterical kind of laugh, laughing to himself,† says Benjamin McGahee, his math professor. McGahee says that Loughner would say nonsensical things about â€Å"denying math. † One student in the back of McGahee’s classroom said she was scared for her life, literally. By now Loughner was clearly developing a mental illness. Many signs suggest he had delusional disorder or schizophrenia. The average age of onset for both illnesses is roughly 20, about when Loughner started showing these symptoms. Loughner Became obsessed with lucid dreaming. Lucid dreaming is a dream state you can enter when you’re half asleep where you are aware that you’re dreaming. Loughner used drugs to keep him from falling into deep sleep which then encourage lucid dreaming. Last year the European Science Foundation reported that lucid dreaming creates distinct patterns of electrical activity in the brain that have similarities to the patterns made by psychotic conditions. Paranoid delusions can happen when lucid dermas are played over and over again when the person awakes. According to his friend Bryce Tierney, Loughner was replaying his lucid dreams in a dream journal. Loughner is being treated at a Missouri prison facility here he has been forcible medicated for about seven months in a bid to try to make him mentally fit to stand trial. Loughner has pleaded not guilty to 49 charges from the Shooting in Tucson. Loughner has not been able to stand trill because U. S. District Judge Larry Burns has ruled that he is not mentally fit to stand trial since experts have concluded that Loughner suffers from schizophrenia. JUdge Burns says that Loughner will eventually be ready for trial after he receives more treatment . Loughner’s current stay is set to the end June 7th. Even though it is said that Loughner’s condition is improving, His lawyers ave been fighting the governments efforts to forcible medicate him. Over the summer of 2011 the appeals court temporarily stopped Loughners forced medication, but it resumed when mental health experts concluded that Loughner’s condition was worsening with out the medication. Since his arrest Loughner has shown bizarre behavior. He was forcibly removed from a May 25 Court hearing when Loughner lowered his head inches from the court room table then lifted his head and began a loud, angry rant. But since he has been forcibly medicated his mental condition has improved. Loughner has sat still and expressionless for seven hours in a hearing in September . But the problem is weather a mentally ill person who is considered very dangerous should be medicated. Prosecutes say the decisions is for officials to make but Loughner’s lawyers say its up to the judge. So far prison officials have decided to medicate Loughner. His lawyers say that forcibly medication Loughner is violating his due-process rights. How to cite Jared Loughner, Essay examples

Language Variation and Register Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Language Variation and Register Analysis. Answer: Introduction The essay attempts to define the signs, language variation and register analysis in the Hindi language relating to a speech by Narendra Modi at the Chandwa Rally in Jharkhand. The register can be termed as the context of the specific situation with a set of defined meanings and the configuration of semantic sources (Crum, Hartkens Hill, 2014). Register is a combination of three variables field, tenor and mode. However, semiotics states sign as the specific word, which gets a meaning when it is used in a specific context or contrasting the system of other signs. The signifier and signified are the other components of sign forming an associate link between the two (Coward Ellis, 2016). The aim of the analysis is to define the language variation of the concerned language, Hindi, and by putting the register analysis the purpose or the context or the field has been defined. Here the context is a political scenario, where the renowned politician has come to address the local people to vo te for their own good and the prosperity and all round development of their state. The tenor and the made can be defined as the role structure of the discourse and the purpose of the spoken language respectively. The language Hindi has been developed through a long period, mostly in the 7th century A.D. It has been emerged as the corrupted speech or a degenerated variety of Prakrit (Perera, 2015). The language has several dialects, as it is spoken in a wide range of area. The colloquial form of Hindi has developed its forms because of the mutual intelligibility between the spoken and the written form. However, in most of the formal situations, the formal form of Hindi is used. In the concerned instance of speech taken for the project, the politician has mixed both the formal and the colloquial forms of language. In the broader sense, Hindi is a significant part of the Indo Aryan dialect continuum, lying in the cultural Hindi belt of India. Generally the colloquial Hindi is known as the Hindusthani, which is a mixed language of Hindi and Urdu and developed under many influences due to the invasions throughout centuries. There are numbers of loan words in Hindi, from Arabic, Turkish and Persian language and some of them are from English as well because of the direct contact with British in the colonial period. According to Lazzarato (2014), the register is the diversity in the languages, used for the specific purposes. It can also be defined as the level or the medium of formality used in the language while spoken. The situation taken here refers to a formal situation, because the politician is here addressing to the local people in the rally in a small town and asking for votes, which is being telecasted in the national media. The speech is spoken the formal form of Hindi, mostly the Suddh Hindi. However, the medium of the discourse is oral, but not spontaneous, the manner of the discourse is entirely formal, because the politician is addressing a huge crowd of local people, although he has used few colloquial forms, yet he has seemed to be very much conscious about using the formal version of the language. Hindi language is the melting pot of many cultures and especially the formal Hindi is comprised of several words form the Sanskrit language. There are few words in the language which has shown the specific variation in the language. The form of language used here, is not generally used in a casual situation. Several Sanskrit words have been used in the speech such as, Hindi English Translation Phonetic Transcription hatya killing hatya vyakt Describe vyakt Garima pride garima Naman bow Naman Varsh Year varsh The linguistic or the functional analysis of the taken speech shows the field, tenor and mode of the speech. The three variables of register can be analyzed here. The field is the nature of the social action taking place; field is also an aspect of the situation (Szmrecsanyi Wlchli, 2014). Here the situation is a rally, where the politician came to promote his party and to ask for more votes for the candidate. The tenor is the role structure of the participants in the discourse and their roles and statuses. The speech has a huge crowd of indirect participants, who are cheering the politician and one direct participant is the politician. The mode of the discourse is the symbolic association or the purpose of the spoken language and what are the participants expecting from the usage of the language. It refers to the channel of the language, which is spoken here and the rhetorical mode. It is the ideational or the logical meta-function of the text. It refers to the logical relationship of the signaled text (Lampert, 2016). Hindi is a head final language with post positional markings. The post positions are mostly the indicators of grammatical function, it might be associated with the meaning of the verb as well. Here in the speech the politician has said usne loktantra ke liye apna balidan diya hai which means He has sacrificed his life for the republic. Here the ke is a postpositional case marking. Tenor refers to the participants in a specific discourse. While examining the language the context and the situation of the taken discourse, the tenor refers to the relationship between the participants (Prez-Guerra, 2016). Here, in the speech of the politician, the politician himself is the direct participant, however the crowd acts as the indirect participants of the discourse as they are cheering their leader and sometimes speaking to him in a group. There is clear example of power play in the discourse, as the politician holds a socially upper place than the other people as he is also the prime minister of the country (Martin, 2014). However, he has a comparatively warm approach addressing the crowd as bhaiyo aur baheno, which means brothers and sisters. This is another symbolic assistance in the language which refers to the role of the language in the discourse or its function in the context (Hatim Mason, 2014). Here the channel is a spoken language and combination of a huge crowd and a sole politician. The spoken text generally has various forms of tense used according to the situation and more complex grammar is used. The politician has come to the small town to promote his party, so his basic purpose of the speech is to ask for more votes for the concerned candidate. It is also the aspect of the situation that discusses the component language is playing here. Here the politician has used sentences like hatya ki rajniti hamara nehi hai which means the politics of killing is not ours. This is clear example of promoting his party whereas showing the other ones down while influencing the local people. In analyzing the data, another relevant theory, structuralism, comes which refers to the three concepts sign signifier and the signified. The concept is the brainchild of famous linguist Ferdinand de Sassure, it refers to the concept that any language is intelligible except its social network and the sign, maybe a word, is meaningless when it does not have any relation with its context (Lazzarato, 2014). It only gets the meaning when it is put in a social situation or in contrast to other signs. The signifier and the signified are two components of sign. In the given data, there are numbers of examples that show the justification to this theory. For instance, ye desh aapka hai, which means This country is yours, here the words aapka hai (yours) is the signifier and the signified concept is that the country is yours (while addressing the crowd). The sign is the relationship between the signifier and the signified concept. Even if the speech is constructed in a formal language, the language of social networking of Narendra Modi is not that formal. However, mostly English language has been used in that case, not Hindi. Yet there are few slogans that are used by him Swach Bharat meaning Clean India or Sab ka Saath, Sab ka Vikas meaning With everyone, development of everyone had been put in formal Hindi dialect. However, following the trend in social media, the language is quite informal, sometimes addressing the people as friends. The profiles in twitter and facebook have millions of shares and a notable informality can be seen there. Conclusion Among the three concepts of language, culture and communication, the communication is seen to be predominant in the recorded data. The discourse is a cluster of conventionalized and expected. It is a goal oriented communicative action that has risen from imperatives in the continuously evolving socio cultural situation. The genre of political communication is a compound and heterogeneous discourse, which traces the activated situational context. The context of the communication has been considered to be relatively stable and had predictable language forms, even in the social media sites. However, the informal forms may be realized by several forms that can diverge from the distinctive features as well. Reference List Coward, R., Ellis, J. (2016).Language and Materialism: Developments in Semiology and the Theory of the Subject. Routledge. Crum, W. 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